Essay --

There is an old saying that claims that it is better to risk saving a guilty person than to condemn an innocent one. While many choose to follow unjust traditions, others choose to pursue the path of justice. In Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird, the mockingbird is a symbol of innocence that should never be killed; It is harmless and provides a song for the enjoyment of others. Furthermore, three characters from the novel are considered symbolic mockingbirds. Boo Radley, not convicted of any real charges, has fallen into a trap of rumors that have gone around the town. Tom Robinson is accused of raping a white woman with no substantial evidence proving him guilty. He is shot down while trying to escape prison. Lastly, Scout, the narrator of the book, is an innocent five-year-old girl. As the novel progresses, she starts to witness racial prejudice; which is something that no minor should come in contact with during her childhood. By exposing their innocent natures, we see how Boo, Tom Robinson and Scout are the mockingbirds in this novel. In reality, Boo has done nothing wrong. His confinement began when he, along with some other people, had played a prank and gotten into some trouble with the law. Later in his life, a rumor is spread that he had stabbed his father with scissors. Forced to stay in the house for his behavior, Boo becomes the center of gossip and rumors that spread throughout the town. He did not do did any of the things of which he was accused; instead, all he wanted to accomplish was to befriend Jem and Scout. He left them gifts in the oak tree. Scout complains to Jem, â€Å"I’ve been chewin’ it all afternoon and I ain’t dead yet, not even sick† (45). Jem is completely astonished when he discovers that Scout took the ... ... newspaper editor, despises negroes yet supports Tom Robinson: â€Å"Mr. Underwood simply figured it was a sin to kill cripples, be they standing, sitting or escaping. He likened Tom’s death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (323). Even though it is obvious that Mr. Underwood does not like negroes, he writes about the injustice done upon Tom Robinson. Similar to killing a mockingbird, Tom is killed for a crime he had never committed and harm that he had never brought. Scout is one of the most innocent people in this book. During the course of this book, she goes through events and experiences, that no child should ever witness at a young age. On one hand, her father Atticus, is trying to teach her to live moral life and make the right decisions. On the other hand however, she is open to influences of a town filled with racism and prejudice.

Field Of Academic Literacy Development Education Essay

Two articles related to academic literacy development where chosen as the topics for analysis, as academic literacy development is a nucleus research involvement of mine. This is due mostly, to the hapless state-of-affairs of instruction in South Africa. The purpose of this appraising survey was to foreground both strengths and failings of both articles in an effort to derive a better apprehension of good research in the field of academic literacy development. Both articles were chosen due to their relevancy in my field of involvement. Article one was chosen as it was written by the laminitis of the ‘Reading to Learn: Learning to Read teaching method, while article two was chosen as it conducted similar research to mine within the same university context. A structured ‘article literacy checklist ‘ was used as a starting point for the critical rating. However, due to terrible word restrictions, non all of the checkpoints were discussed in this assignment. It was foun d that both articles differed in footings of their strengths and failings. For illustration, article one was strong in footings of its clear account of the methodological analysis, consequences and findings whereas article two was strong in its literature reappraisal. In add-on, article two showed some weaknesss in its attack to the sampling process. Both article one and two make usage of a descriptive and process rubric. They both describe what the article will be approximately and place clearly that an account of the procedure involved will be included. However, article one goes one measure farther by set uping that the article is non merely a description, but besides an rating ; thereby, supplying excess information to inform the audience about its relevancy to their country of involvement. Contrastingly, article two, seems to go forth out this information. Possibly this is due to the fact that the writers ‘ focal point of the article was more about the existent programme and non the appraising facet of its efficaciousness? Nevertheless, a reference of this could hold been included in the rubric to better inform the reader of its relevancy to those looking for a description and rating of the procedure of scaffolded attacks to reading and composing seeing as an rating was conducted.IntroductionIntroductions, or opening st atements to any research article serve to introduce the reader to the context and nature of the job to be investigated ( Darley, Zanna & A ; Roediger, 2003 ) . This is achieved perceptibly good in both articles as the writers provide a elaborate apprehension of the context of their research and the state of affairs that their participants find themselves located in ( crisis ) . Furthermore, the demand for such a survey is highlighted. However, merely article one provides penetration into the more complex descriptions of the existent research methodological analysis and consequences. Furthermore, unlike article two, non merely does article one clearly specify what is to be realized within the article, but it besides skillfully leads the reader from ‘familiar ‘ nomenclature to the more ‘unfamiliar ‘ proficient linguistic communication. ( Darley et al, 2003 ) . Sing as most research is job driven, both articles ‘ debuts like an expert highlight a crisis in instruction ( deficiency of expressed instruction and composing ) and both point to a similar blank ( an absence/gap in pedagogic attacks in rectifying this crisis ) .AbstractionBoth articles have an abstract and are easy decoded. However, article one seems to supply a more in-depth abstract than article two, as article two leaves out any reference of an appraising facet within the paper. In add-on, article two does non supply any keywords, which is a critical constituent of being able to recover information electronically.Research GoalsBoth articles clearly province that the research article undertook to research a new/different attack to learning academic literacy development. In add-on, the end of both articles was to explicate a state of affairs found in a certain context ( hapless pupils ‘ literacy development ) and to prove the efficaciousness of the pedagogic attack adopted. However, this was overtly stated in article one and non in article two.Literature ReviewAn of i mport principle for a literature reappraisal is the demand to explicate a proposal for your research you intend to set about and convert your reader that your research is of import ( Hart, 1998 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Hart ( 1998 ) , the assessment of literature for your research provides a strong practical proof for your research and demonstrates an apprehension of your subject at manus. This is really clearly demonstrated in article two which combines a thorough probe into the theory of scaffolding scholars reading and composing and an application of that theory to the South African context ( Vygotsky, larning as a societal procedure, Cummins BICS and CALP and so forth ) . The sourcing of other research in article two ‘s literature reappraisal besides provides academic burdening to their research. Contrasting article two, is article one, which still provides a literature reappraisal in its ‘context and intent of the research ‘ subdivision, but from a some what different point of position. Sing as Dr David Rose is one of the establishing authors/researchers in the ‘Reading to Learn: Learning to Read methodological analysis, it is no surprise that there appears to be less mentioning of other old surveies in literacy development. Alternatively, his literature reappraisal seems to stem from his personal surveies of 25 old ages of experience in researching hapless literacy degrees of non-native talkers.Sampling and Research DesignSampling can be a instead combative issue as many research workers disagree in their procedure of choosing their sample units from the broader population and this may make every bit controversial arguments as to whether their findings can be generalized, or seen as accurate ( Trochim, 2006 ) . This is apparent in article two which used a non-random sampling process and involved inadvertent /convenience sampling. Harmonizing to Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) this involves a survey of a population that is instantly available. The writers of article two used the full cohort of Science Access pupils at the University of KwaZulu-Natal ( UKZN ) . An advantage of utilizing this sampling process could associate to its simpleness ( needed small attempt ) , and an relief of issues related to statistical dependability ( Field, 2009 ) . After all, the greater the sample size, the smaller the standard mistake in your findings! However, Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) clearly province that inadvertent sampling may non supply a clear representation of the larger population of which you are seeking to pull out valuable information from. For illustration, research in the field of literacy development in South Africa needs to impact upon, and assistance ALL disadvantaged scholars, from vastly differing contexts. Students from destitute backgrounds in the different states of South Africa have different barriers to larning ; hence, if the research workers in article two want to be able to take their findings and use th em to all Universities in South Africa, possibly random sampling is required, as non-random sampling, harmonizing to Bouma and Ling ( 2004 ) provides merely a weak footing for generalization. However, if the purpose of the writers was to look into a pedagogic attack to literacy development within the context of their local university as a footing for farther surveies within the broader South African context, so this sampling process would be able to supply equal informations as it used the full cohort of Science Access pupils at UKZN. Article one made usage of an action research design that investigated and evaluated a alteration in teaching method. Rose ( 2008 ) mentioned that the research workers were the agents presenting the alterations in teaching method. This type of research was good atoned to the aims of the research itself as it allowed the research worker to prosecute in brooding and automatic patterns ( Pring, 2006 ) . Furthermore, seeing as the research workers were more concerned with bettering an already neglecting standard signifier of academic literacy teaching method, the action research design was good suited to the end of the research, which was to research an improved educational pattern ( Pring, 2006 ) . Just like article two, the full cohort of pupils were given the option to partake in the survey but merely 25 opted to be portion of the research. Once once more, a non-random, inadvertent trying procedure was chosen but contrasting article one, article two clearly stated that the research fin dings were limited to one context and to be used at one University for the time-being.Consequences ( qualitative and quantitative ) , treatments and decisionsIt is assumed ( no explicit reference ) that article two made usage of both qualitative and quantitative informations as the trials required written work which so appears to hold been codified. However, no reference of this is given in the results/findings, nor any reference of how the codification was done Article two nowadayss their treatment of their findings in the signifier of an rating of the success of the scientific discipline communicating faculty. The writers are honorable and forthright in their statement sing the troubles they faced in mensurating the class ‘s success, due to the complexnesss of literacy development, which must be commended. However, their existent findings are obscure as a reference of an addition in public presentation by pupils in both the written and comprehension parts of the proving seem to belie a ulterior statement in the same sentence ( p458 ) . There could be a disagreement in the reading of pupils ( all pupils tested ) and most pupils ( non all pupils tested ) . Furthermore, four key jobs were outstanding within the findings. First, pupils are categorised into three different groups ( weakest, in-between and strongest ) . No reference or account is given as to how or why these groups were categorised. Second, table three provides a comparing of betterment. No indicant is given as to whether this is still the average tonss ( continued from table two ) or in fact, the average tonss. This could be important should the distribution of the tonss non be usually distributed. If the information was in fact skewed, than the average tonss would supply a better step of cardinal inclination. Third, inquiries arise with respects to the cogency and dependability of the tools of measuring. Field ( 2009 ) states that cogency and dependability are belongingss of measuring that aid guarantee measurement mistake is kept to a lower limit. In this peculiar article, issues of standard cogency influence the authorization of the findings. This is because the trials implemented may non really prove reading AND composing accomplis hments of scholars. Learners were being taught to read and compose big pieces of scientific authorship ( essays and studies ) but the trial implemented was proving an betterment of these accomplishments through the usage of MCQ ‘s ( Oklahoma for proving comprehension ) and short written undertakings. These composing undertakings required no more than 7-10 lines of written work which did non prove genre conventions acquired or the ability to compose longer texts. At the same clip, the entryway trials are pitched at a pre-university degree. Students, after one twelvemonth of explicit scaffolding where given a similar trial, still pitched at the pre-university degree, which inquiries whether a ‘learned-effect ‘ influenced betterment and non merely the intercession ( Arrow, 1962 ) . This brings to light issues of test-retest dependability ( Field, 2009 ) . Last, no existent trial statistics are given in the findings to state us whether the per centum of betterments ( 1 4 % ; 11 % and 5 % ) are statistically important in themselves. Therefore, they are strictly descriptive in the presentation. Article one is a batch clearer in footings of its research findings and consequences as it skillfully explains the measuring tool used to measure the authorship undertakings. Unlike article two, there does non look to be negative issues related to standard cogency as trials set out to mensurate the efficaciousness of the pedagogic attack step longer pieces of composing to prove composing accomplishments. The trials are farther authenticated by the usage of both qualitative and quantitative feedback. The consequences of both of these are really clearly laid out for the reader to position. Furthermore, the footing for the cryptography of the qualitative information was backed up by tested and tried methods used by the University of Sydney and research in the field of Linguistics. This allowed the rates of literacy betterment to be objectively measured. Article one besides ranked their research population into three separate groups but a description of how and why this was done was expr essed and allowed for greater apprehension than article two. Article one provided a much clearer description/discussion of its findings and offered possible motivation factors for countries that did non match to the overall tendency of patterned advance. This, together with neatly laid out tabular arraies and graphs of the information, let for higher degrees of assurance in the objectiveness of the action research. Furthermore, the findings of the action research were besides linked to suggestions of how to better literacy development amongst disadvantaged scholars across Australia. To reason, both article one and article two provide good illustrations of research in the field of literacy development. In add-on, they provide good theoretical accounts of how to, and how non to, describe on such findings. Both may hold differing strengths and failings, but still supply a good illustration of how to carry on valid and nonsubjective research. The analysis of the two articles have provided a good foundation for my ain research and have besides provided an chance for me to change my current research to supply more valid and dependable consequences.

A Leader to Admire

One of the greatest persons is the world's largest direct selling and company for women, Avon's supreme, Andrea Jung. Her threshold into the corporate world has had a good ladder to the top.These involved her to top positions which perhaps honed her to fit who she is right now. Being Avon's CEO for ten years now, her worth for the title is evident with the extensive growth of the company. Relative to this, she is part of Apple, Inc. Board and General Electric (GE) Company.â€Å"Strong executive engagement is the most important practice as it involves major leaders working on the project. This means that their contribution to the ongoing program is highly regarded [†¦]† (Ambler, 2008).Her career runs long-time symmetry to her long-run experience. Also, her expert performance led her to enter the top 100 most powerful women and to be the top-paid female CEO; and whose leadership, despite economic downturn, raised Avon's total revenue in the preceding year.These semi-accompl ishments speak for her stand. She's plain admirable with how she gets things done. This executive woman works strategically. Pervasive promotions for new products are marketed using credible celebrities. She knows how to play with the roller coaster twists of the economy and social trends.Working with her, even starting with a minimum capital in a rural area would turn out to be a productive one. Having her on the job is an indeed ‘yes'. She seems to have mastered the corporate world which is an advantage for expanding businesses and an opportunity for extending finances.Not only she caters businesses but she aids women under the shadows of violence, poverty and cancer. Her charitable initiations add up to why she is an admirable leader. She excels, corporately and socially.ReferencesAmber, G. Banutu-Gomez, M. B. (2004). Great leaders teach exemplary followership and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   serve as servant leaders. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 4,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   143.

Bessie smith biography

Bessie Smith was born In Chattanooga, Tennessee in April 15, 1894. She was the most popular female blues singer known as The Empress of the Blues. She started her career by singing in tent shows in 1912, alongside another blues specialist Ma Rained. Bessie influenced other singers including Earth Franklin, Nina Simons, Frank Sinatra, Billie Holiday, Dinah Washington and Janis Joplin. Bessie Smith was married to jack Gee on June 7, 1923. She made her first record with Columbia records Downhearted Blues in 1923. It was a hit selling 780,000 copies. It was the best selling blues record to date.Between 1923 and 1931, Smith recorded 160 songs for Columbia. Throughout the sasss, she recorded with many famous musicians, including Fletcher Henderson and members of his band, and the pianist James P. Johnson, with whom she recorded her masterpiece Backwater Blues. In addition to recording blues, Smith traveled around the South America with her own show, which was wildly popular, In 1929, smith made her film appearance, In SST. Louis Blues. In the film, she sings the title song with members of Fletcher Henderson orchestra, the Hall Johnson Choir, pianistJames P. Johnson. Smiths marriage to gee ended in 1929; Columbia records ended its nine-year contract with her. In 1937 she was killed in a car accident In Tennessee. Bessie Smith died on September 26th, 1937. 5 Most well-known songs: Down Hearted Blues SST. Louis Blues Backwater Blues Gulf coast Blues Nobody Knows you when youre down and out Backwater Blues: 12 bar blues chord structure relaxed style. Smith has a laid-back, Smith frequently slides Into and out of notes (sliding in the vocals) The piano is responding to smiths melodic line. A lot of repetitionIn the 4th chorus the left hand is descending and low chords are played by the right hand. The tune changes. Smith remains in the same melody. The 5th chorus the piano sounds more march-like. Bessie Smith adds variation to certain pitches. Element of Improvisation Sad lyrics, slow tempo, steady beat, call and response In my opinion Bessie Smith has very strong and powerful vocal skills. I Like the way the pianist accompaniment style frequently changes during different verses of the song, he also tries to depict the meaning of the lyrics while playing. Bessie smith biography By troubleBessie Smith was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee in April 15, 1894. She was the most to Jack Gee on June 7, 1923. Masterpiece Backwater Blues. In addition to recording blues, Smith traveled around the South America with her own show, which was wildly popular. In 1929, Smith made her film appearance, in SST. Louis Blues. In the film, she sings the title nine-year contract with her. In 1937 she was killed in a car accident in Tennessee. Smith frequently slides into and out of notes (sliding in the vocals) The piano is Element of improvisation In my opinion Bessie Smith has very strong and powerful vocal skills.

Does Religion Cause War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Does Religion Cause War - Research Paper Example Even though America was highly secular until recent times, it changed its secular face after 9/11 World Trade Center attack by Al Qaida. Christianity is slowly taking control of American politics now and the rise of the concept of Christian Right is clearly underlines above belief. The ongoing war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq are motivated culturally rather than politically which is evident from the words of American political leaders itself. In Palestine - Israeli conflict also, religion plays an important role. The conflicts between India and Pakistan also believed to be the clashes between Hindus and Muslims. In short, the involvement of religion in many of the ongoing wars is evident to everybody now. Even though political and religious leaders deny such religious involvement in wars, nobody can deny the fact that wars between similar communities are not occurring whereas wars between different communities or religion are going on now. This paper explores the extent of relig ious involvement in some of the ongoing wars.The importance of religion in human life cannot be denied under any circumstances because of the huge contributions it provided to the development of human life in different periods of time in the past. In fact religion is the only entity which forces the people to maintain certain morality and ethics in life. While science and technology stressed the importance of human life in this world, religions give more emphasize to the life after death. Majority of the religions describe our earthly life as only a temporary assignment. Moreover religions ask its believers to lead a peaceful and sin free life in this world to achieve permanent or eternal life after death. In short, religions were perceived as the symbols of peace and harmony in the past. However, the scenario has changed a lot in the recent past. â€Å"Since September 11, 2001, there has been a revival of the discussion of the just war theory by theologians, as well as political t heorists, social philosophers, and the like†(Ali, 2009, p.241). Many of the current sociologists, philosophers, politicians and psychologists are of the view that the major reason behind recent wars was cultural rather than political or economic. According to the prominent American political scientist of the modern era, Samuel Hutington, â€Å"the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict are cultural. The clash of civilizations is dominating current global politics† (Hutington,1993, p.22). In short, the involvement of religions in politics is causing major problems like wars, according to many scholars. III. Literature Review: a. The role of Christianity in causing wars According to Kyle (2007), American secularism is undergoing drastic changes in recent times. Many of the theologians and other religious leaders are of the view that America was established on Christian principles and that it is a Christian nation with a special mission. However, the concept of a Christian America has been hijacked by the secularists and feminists in recent times (Kyle, 2007). According to Ray Moore, president of Exodus Mandate, a South Carolina-based group which organizes home-schooling for Christian children, â€Å"

Describe the differences (and any similarities) involved in the Assignment

Describe the differences (and any similarities) involved in the following contracts - Assignment Example In this case the contract can be said to be implied because no prior arrangements were made to make agreements but it is implied that the owner of the vehicle will pay for the parking service provided. Boilerplate or bank card holders’ agreements are standard form contracts by virtual of bearing the characteristics of standard form contracts. For this reason, boiler plates are standard form contracts because like many other standard form contracts such as insurance contracts the cellular provider has total authority over the contract with the subscribers that they can either take it or leave it and often contain fine detail details that form part of the contract terms (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). Similarly, the bank has total control in its contract with the credit card account holders. They can either choose to agree to the terms and conditions or forfeit owning the cards altogether (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). This is an implied or verbal contract. As demonstrated in the contract, the benefit of having the order taken by the waiter is enjoyed but it cannot be considered as a gift because it will have to be paid for implying a consideration has been given. Therefore, given a contract is formed and there is no written evidence or terms for service, the contract is implied or verbal because the order is orally made (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). A formal contract is a written agreement, which follows the prescribed format and incorporates standardized conditions and provisions in its body, therefore making it legally enforceable. This kind of contract could mainly be a contract under seal where the seal is a symbol of total acceptance of its legal effect and consequences by the parties involved (Gale, 2007). The contract can also be regarded as a period contract since it is valid for a given duration of time as agreed by the involved parties (â€Å"Types of contracts† n.d.). Contracts B and D are contracts which must be in writing and are

The Apportionment Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Apportionment Problem - Essay Example This is so that they could have more than one representative, as Five would technically have .07! Changes in population would cause this apportionment to be revisited occasionally and again, the US method of a census every decade determining representation would be the best bet. The biggest problem with this is the method is absolutely unfair in that four states (3, 4, 6 and 8) will control 65% of the votes. However the method seems to work quite well in the US where states like California and New York likewise have a large representation. Yet the country’s multiple party method seems to work quite well, for Congressional votes are generally along party lines and seldom do all members from one particular state band together (Theriault). Of course appeasing State Five by adding seats so that it could have equality in Congress could very well result in what is known as an Alabama Paradox. This occurred for that state in 1880, whereby adding seats to Congress so that Alabama could gain actually caused it to actually lose a seat, due to the mathematical statistics (Janson). Another methodology would be the Huntington-Hill, a more complex formula that utilizes square roots but which is also more equitable (See Table 2) (US Census). Based upon the calculations I have listed, apportionment is the best answer for fair and equal representation of each state. No matter how else it is drawn smaller states such as Five will always face having less representation (Much as Montana and Wyoming only also have one vote whereas minute Rhode Island has 2). The only other way would be to divide the 100 seats by the number of states (10 each), just like the US Senate has a standard of two per state, no matter the